Blood cancer, also known as hematologic cancer, encompasses a group of diseases that affect the production and function of blood cells. Leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma are some of the most common types of blood cancer. There are also types called MPNs and MDS.
Blood cancer is caused by changes (mutations) in the DNA within blood cells. This causes the blood cells to start behaving abnormally. In almost all cases, these changes are linked to things we can’t control. They happen during a person’s lifetime, so they are not genetic faults you can pass on.
Some types of blood cancer affect children. Symptoms and treatment can be different between children and adults.
Types of Blood Cancer
There are three main types of blood cancer:
1.Leukemia
Researchers think leukemia happens when a combination of environmental and genetic factors triggers DNA changes. In this case, researchers think changes in chromosomes may trigger DNA changes. Chromosomes are strands of DNA. When cells divide and make two new cells, they copy these DNA strands. Sometimes, genes from one chromosome switch to another chromosome. In leukemia, this switch may affect a set of genes that help cells grow and another set of genes that suppress tumors. Researchers believe exposure to high levels of radiation or certain chemicals plays a role in the genetic changes that cause leukemia.
2. Lymphoma
Lymphoma happens when there’s a change in genes in white blood cells, called lymphocytes, that causes them to multiply uncontrollably. In addition, abnormal lymphocytes don’t die when normal lymphocytes die. Again, researchers don’t know what triggers the genetic change, but research shows certain infections or having a depressed immune system may be factors.
3.Myeloma
In this case, plasma cells in your bone marrow get new genetic instructions that make them multiply. Researchers are investigating potential links between myeloma and chromosomal change that affect genes that control plasma cell growth.
Symptoms
The symptoms of blood cancer can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common symptoms include:
* Fever, chills
* Persistent fatigue, weakness
* Loss of appetite, nausea
* Unexplained weight loss
* Night sweats
* Bone/joint pain
* Abdominal discomfort
* Headaches
* Shortness of breath
* Frequent infections
* Itchy skin or skin rash
* Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarms or groin
Diagnosis and Tests
How do healthcare providers diagnose blood cancer?
Healthcare providers may begin diagnosis by asking about your symptoms and your medical history. They’ll do complete physical examinations. They may order several kinds of blood and imaging tests, too. The tests they’ll use may be different for each suspected blood cancer type. Tests used to diagnose blood cancer include:
Complete blood count (CBC):
This test measures and counts your blood cells. For example, if your healthcare provider suspects you have leukemia, they’ll look for high (or low) white blood cell counts and lower than normal red blood cell and platelet counts.
Blood chemistry test:
This test measures chemicals and other substances in your blood. In some cases, your healthcare provider may order specific blood tests for cancer to learn more about your situation.
Computed tomography (CT) scan
This test uses a series of X-rays and a computer to create three-dimensional images of your soft tissues and bones. If your healthcare provider suspects you have myeloma, they may order a CT scan to look for bone damage.
Treatment:
Treatment for blood cancer depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, its stage, and the individual’s overall health. Common treatment options may include:
* Chemotherapy: This involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
* Radiation therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and destroy cancer cells.
* Immunotherapy: This treatment boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
* Targeted therapy: Drugs are designed to target specific abnormalities in cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
* Stem cell transplantation: Healthy stem cells are transplanted into the body to replace damaged or diseased cells.
How do I take care of myself
Blood cancer and blood cancer treatment can take a toll on your overall health. Here are some suggestions that may help:
Try eating healthy foods every day.
Blood cancer and blood cancer treatment may affect your appetite. If you’re having trouble eating, ask to speak with a nutritionist. They’ll have suggestions that’ll help you get the nutrition you need to stay strong.
Protect yourself from infection.
Ask your healthcare provider for ways to prevent infection.
Get some exercise, but talk to your healthcare provider first.
Pay attention to your emotional health.
It makes sense if you feel depressed about your situation. Talk to your healthcare provider if sadness and depression last for more than two weeks or interfere with your daily activities….…See More
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